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Abstract
This systematic review aims to summarize the role of bupropion in the management of internet gaming disorder (IGD) patients. Five electronic databases were searched without date restrictions until September 10, 2021. Four studies with a moderate risk of bias were included. Compared to escitalopram, bupropion showed better improvement in reducing addictive use of online gaming and IGD severity (low certainty). Compared with placebo or no treatment, bupropion was better in reducing addictive use of online gaming, IGD severity, and the total time of online game playing (low to moderate certainty). The combination of bupropion with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) was superior to bupropion alone in reducing the addictive use of online gaming and the total time of online game playing (low certainty). Bupropion may be effective in improving IGD symptoms. However, there is an evident need for more extensive randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with better methodology and longer follow-up before more conclusions can be drawn.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Suryadarma , A. Y., & Trisna, I. (2023). Role of Bupropion in the Management of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Systematic Review. Basic and Applied Nursing Research Journal, 4(2), 61-76. https://doi.org/10.11594/banrj.04.02.02
References
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9. Király O, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z (2015) Internet Gaming Disorder and the DSM-5: Conceptualization, Debates, and Controversies. Current Addiction Reports 2 (3): 254–62.
10. King DL, Delfabbro PH (2018) Treatment for IGD. Internet Gaming Disorder: 163–99.
11. King DL, Delfabbro PH, Griffiths MD, et al. (2011) Assessing clinical trials of Internet addiction treatment: A systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clinical Psy-chology Review 31 (7): 1110–6.
12. Zajac K, Ginley MK, Chang R (2020) Treatments of internet gaming disorder: a systematic review of the evidence. Expert review of neurotherapeutics 20 (1): 85–93.
13. Costa R, Oliveira NG, Dinis-Oliveira RJ (2019) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of bupropion: integrative overview of relevant clinical and forensic aspects. Drug Metabolism Review 51: 293 – 313.
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18. Ko CH., Liu GC., Yen JY, et al. (2013) The brain activations for both cue-induced gaming urge and smoking craving among subjects comorbid with Internet gaming addiction and nicotine dependence. Jour-nal of Psychiatric Research 47(4): 486–93.
19. Tran AX, Ho TT, Gupta VS (2019) Role of CYP2B6 pharmacogenomics in bupropion-mediated smoking cessation. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Thera-piutics 44: 174 – 179.
20. Ko CH, Liu GC, Hsiao S, et al. (2009) Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaming addiction. Journal of Psy-chiatric Research 43 (7): 739–47.
21. Ikeda Y, Funayama T, Tateno A, Fukaya-ma H, Okuba Y, Suzuki H (2019) Bupropion increases activation in nucleus accumbens during anticipation of monetary reward. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 236 (12): 3655 – 3665.
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24. King L, Delfabbro PH (2019) Internet Gaming Disorder: Theory, Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention. Cambridge, Academic Press.
25. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systemat-ic reviews. BMJ 29: 372.
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27. Haddaway C, McGuinness A (2021) PRIS-MA2020: R Package and ShinyApp for Producing PRISMA 2020 Compliant Flow Diagrams (Version 0.0.2). Europe, Zeno-do.
28. Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, et al. (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2019: 366.
29. Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. (2016) ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of in-terventions. BMJ 355.
30. McGuinness LA, Higgins JPT (2020) Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R pack-age and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Research Syn-thesis Methods 12(1): 55-61.
31. Schünemann H, Brożek J, Guyatt G, Oxman A (2013) GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of rec-ommendations. Updated October 2013. The GRADE Working Group.
32. GRADEpro GDT (2021) GRADEpro Guide-line Development Tool [Software]. McMaster University and Evidence Prime.
33. Király O, Nagygyörgy K, Griffiths MD, et al. (2014) Problematic Online Gaming. Be-havioral Addictions: Criteria, Evidence, and Treatment: 61–97.
34. Cho E (2015) Therapeutic Interventions for Treatment of Adolescent Internet Ad-diction—Experiences from South Korea. In: Montag C, Reuter M, editors. Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Interventions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 167–81.
35. Camardese G, Leone B, Walstra C, Janiri L, Guglielmo R (2015) Pharmacological Treatment of Internet Addiction. In: Mon-tag C, Reuter M, editors. Internet Addic-tion: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Interventions [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 151–65.
36. Han DH, Hyun GJ, Park JH, et al. (2016) Internet Gaming Disorder. Neuropatholo-gy of Drug Addictions and Substance Mis-use 3: 955–61.
37. Camardese G, Leone B, Walstra C, et al. (2017) Pharmacological Treatment of In-ternet Addiction. In: Montag C, Reuter M, editors. Internet Addiction: Neuroscien-tific Approaches and Therapeutical Impli-cations Including Smartphone Addiction. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 231–45.
38. Cho E. (2017) Therapeutic Interventions for Treatment of Adolescent Internet Ad-diction—Experiences from South Korea. In: Montag C, Reuter M, editors. Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Implications Including Smartphone Addiction. Cham: Springer In-ternational Publishing, pp. 247–61.
39. Han DH, Kim SM, Renshaw PF (2017) Functional Brain Changes in Response to Treatment of Internet Gaming Disorder. In: Montag C, Reuter M, editors. Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Implications Including Smartphone Addiction. Cham: Springer In-ternational Publishing, pp. 93–108.
40. King DL, Delfabbro PH (2018) 7 - Treat-ment for IGD. In: King DL, Delfabbro PH, editors. Internet Gaming Disorder. Aca-demic Press, pp. 163–99.
41. King DL, Delfabbro PH (2020) Chapter 7 - Gaming disorder in young people. In: Hodes M, Gau SS-F, de Vries PJ, editors. Starting At the Beginning. Academic Press, pp. 159–87.
42. Freeman CB (2008) Internet Gaming Ad-diction. The Journal for Nurse Practition-ers 4 (1): 42–7.
43. King DL, Delfabbro PH, Griffiths MD, et al. (2011) Assessing clinical trials of Internet addiction treatment: A systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clinical Psy-chology Review 31 (7): 1110–6.
44. Weinstein A, Livny A, Weizman A (2017) New developments in brain research of internet and gaming disorder. Neurosci-ence & Biobehavioral Reviews 75: 314–30.
45. Lee SY, Kim MS, Lee HK (2019) Preven-tion Strategies and Interventions for In-ternet Use Disorders Due to Addictive Be-haviors Based on an Integrative Concep-tual Model. Current Addiction Reports 6 (3): 303–12.
46. Bickham DS (2021) Current Research and Viewpoints on Internet Addiction in Ado-lescents. Current Pediatrics Reports 9 (1): 1–10.
47. Hassan M, Kyonka EGE (2021) A Behavior Analytic Perspective on Treatment of Problem Gaming and Problem Social Me-dia Use. Psychological Record 71 (2): 219–35.
48. Torres-Rodríguez A, Griffiths MD, Car-bonell X, Farriols-Hernando N, Torres-Jimenez E (2019) Internet Gaming Disor-der Treatment: A Case Study Evaluation of Four Different Types of Adolescent Prob-lematic Gamers. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 17(1): 1–12.
49. Park SY, Kim SM, Roh S, et al. (2016) The effects of a virtual reality treatment pro-gram for online gaming addiction. Com-puter Methods and Programs in Biomedi-cine 129: 99–108.
50. Torres-Rodríguez A, Griffiths MD, Car-bonell X (2018) The Treatment of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Brief Overview of the PIPATIC Program. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 16(4): 1000–15.
51. Han DH, Hwang JW, Renshaw PF (2010) Bupropion sustained release treatment decreases craving for video games and cue-induced brain activity in patients with internet video game addiction. Experi-mental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 18(4): 297–304.
52. Kim SM, Han DH, Lee YS, et al. (2012) Combined cognitive behavioral therapy and bupropion for the treatment of problematic online game play in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Computer Human Behavior 28 (5): 1954 – 1959.
53. Song J, Park JH, Han DH, et al. (2016) Comparative study of the effects of bu-propion and escitalopram on Internet gaming disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 70 (11): 527–35.
54. Nam B, Bae S, Kim SM, et al. (2017) Com-paring the effects of bupropion and es-citalopram on excessive internet game play in patients with major depressive disorder. Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 15 (4): 361–8.
55. Kuss DJ, Lopez-Fernandez O (2016) Inter-net addiction and problematic Internet use: A systematic review of clinical re-search. World Journal of Psychiatry 6 (1): 143.
56. Costa S, Kuss DJ (2019) Current diagnostic procedures and interventions for Gaming Disorders: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology 27: 10:578.
2. Oka T, Hamamura T, Miyake Y, et al. (2021) Prevalence and risk factors of in-ternet gaming disorder and problematic internet use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large online survey of Japanese adults. Journal of Psychiatric Re-search 142: 218–25.
3. WHO EMRO (2020) Excessive screen use and gaming considerations during #COVID19. Mental health. Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/mnh/news/considerations-for-young-people-on-excessive-screen-use-during-covid19.html
4. Torres-Rodríguez A, Griffiths MD, Car-bonell X, et al. (2021) Internet gaming disorder in adolescence: Psychological characteristics of a clinical sample. Jour-nal of Behavioral Addictions 7 (3): 707–18.
5. American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of men-tal disorders. 5th Ed. Arlington, American Psychiatric Association.
6. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statis-tics (2023) Available from: https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1448597234
7. King DL, Delfabbro PH, Wu AMS, et al. (2017) Treatment of Internet gaming dis-order: An international systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clinical Psy-chology Review 54: 123–33.
8. Greenfield DN (2018) Treatment Consid-erations in Internet and Video Game Ad-diction: A Qualitative Discussion. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 27 (2): 327–44.
9. Király O, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z (2015) Internet Gaming Disorder and the DSM-5: Conceptualization, Debates, and Controversies. Current Addiction Reports 2 (3): 254–62.
10. King DL, Delfabbro PH (2018) Treatment for IGD. Internet Gaming Disorder: 163–99.
11. King DL, Delfabbro PH, Griffiths MD, et al. (2011) Assessing clinical trials of Internet addiction treatment: A systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clinical Psy-chology Review 31 (7): 1110–6.
12. Zajac K, Ginley MK, Chang R (2020) Treatments of internet gaming disorder: a systematic review of the evidence. Expert review of neurotherapeutics 20 (1): 85–93.
13. Costa R, Oliveira NG, Dinis-Oliveira RJ (2019) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of bupropion: integrative overview of relevant clinical and forensic aspects. Drug Metabolism Review 51: 293 – 313.
14. National Center for Biotechnology Infor-mation (2023) PubChem Compound Summary for CID 444, Bupropion. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/444 (2023).
15. Eum S, Sayre F, Lee AM, Stingl JC, et al. (2022) Association of CYP2B6 genetic polymorphisms with bupropion and hydroxybupropion exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacotherapy 42: 34–44.
16. Stahl SM. (2013) Stahl's essential Psycho-pharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Application. 4th Ed. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
17. Carroll FI, Blough BE, Mascarella SW, et al. (2014) Bupropion and Bupropion Ana-logs as Treatments for CNS Disorders. In: Advances in Pharmacology. Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp. 177–216.
18. Ko CH., Liu GC., Yen JY, et al. (2013) The brain activations for both cue-induced gaming urge and smoking craving among subjects comorbid with Internet gaming addiction and nicotine dependence. Jour-nal of Psychiatric Research 47(4): 486–93.
19. Tran AX, Ho TT, Gupta VS (2019) Role of CYP2B6 pharmacogenomics in bupropion-mediated smoking cessation. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Thera-piutics 44: 174 – 179.
20. Ko CH, Liu GC, Hsiao S, et al. (2009) Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaming addiction. Journal of Psy-chiatric Research 43 (7): 739–47.
21. Ikeda Y, Funayama T, Tateno A, Fukaya-ma H, Okuba Y, Suzuki H (2019) Bupropion increases activation in nucleus accumbens during anticipation of monetary reward. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 236 (12): 3655 – 3665.
22. Söderpalm B, Danielsson K, Bejczy A, et al. (2020) Combined administration of varenicline and bupropion produces additive effects on accumbal dopamine and abolishes the alcohol deprivation effect in rats. Addiction Biology 25: e12807.
23. Zhang JT, Yao YW, Potenza MN, et al. (2016). Effects of craving behavioral in-tervention on neural substrates of cue-induced craving in Internet gaming disor-der. NeuroImage: Clinical 12: 591–9.
24. King L, Delfabbro PH (2019) Internet Gaming Disorder: Theory, Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention. Cambridge, Academic Press.
25. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systemat-ic reviews. BMJ 29: 372.
26. Veritas Health Innovation, Covidence Sys-tematic Review Software, Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia (2022).
27. Haddaway C, McGuinness A (2021) PRIS-MA2020: R Package and ShinyApp for Producing PRISMA 2020 Compliant Flow Diagrams (Version 0.0.2). Europe, Zeno-do.
28. Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, et al. (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2019: 366.
29. Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. (2016) ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of in-terventions. BMJ 355.
30. McGuinness LA, Higgins JPT (2020) Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R pack-age and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Research Syn-thesis Methods 12(1): 55-61.
31. Schünemann H, Brożek J, Guyatt G, Oxman A (2013) GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of rec-ommendations. Updated October 2013. The GRADE Working Group.
32. GRADEpro GDT (2021) GRADEpro Guide-line Development Tool [Software]. McMaster University and Evidence Prime.
33. Király O, Nagygyörgy K, Griffiths MD, et al. (2014) Problematic Online Gaming. Be-havioral Addictions: Criteria, Evidence, and Treatment: 61–97.
34. Cho E (2015) Therapeutic Interventions for Treatment of Adolescent Internet Ad-diction—Experiences from South Korea. In: Montag C, Reuter M, editors. Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Interventions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 167–81.
35. Camardese G, Leone B, Walstra C, Janiri L, Guglielmo R (2015) Pharmacological Treatment of Internet Addiction. In: Mon-tag C, Reuter M, editors. Internet Addic-tion: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Interventions [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 151–65.
36. Han DH, Hyun GJ, Park JH, et al. (2016) Internet Gaming Disorder. Neuropatholo-gy of Drug Addictions and Substance Mis-use 3: 955–61.
37. Camardese G, Leone B, Walstra C, et al. (2017) Pharmacological Treatment of In-ternet Addiction. In: Montag C, Reuter M, editors. Internet Addiction: Neuroscien-tific Approaches and Therapeutical Impli-cations Including Smartphone Addiction. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 231–45.
38. Cho E. (2017) Therapeutic Interventions for Treatment of Adolescent Internet Ad-diction—Experiences from South Korea. In: Montag C, Reuter M, editors. Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Implications Including Smartphone Addiction. Cham: Springer In-ternational Publishing, pp. 247–61.
39. Han DH, Kim SM, Renshaw PF (2017) Functional Brain Changes in Response to Treatment of Internet Gaming Disorder. In: Montag C, Reuter M, editors. Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Implications Including Smartphone Addiction. Cham: Springer In-ternational Publishing, pp. 93–108.
40. King DL, Delfabbro PH (2018) 7 - Treat-ment for IGD. In: King DL, Delfabbro PH, editors. Internet Gaming Disorder. Aca-demic Press, pp. 163–99.
41. King DL, Delfabbro PH (2020) Chapter 7 - Gaming disorder in young people. In: Hodes M, Gau SS-F, de Vries PJ, editors. Starting At the Beginning. Academic Press, pp. 159–87.
42. Freeman CB (2008) Internet Gaming Ad-diction. The Journal for Nurse Practition-ers 4 (1): 42–7.
43. King DL, Delfabbro PH, Griffiths MD, et al. (2011) Assessing clinical trials of Internet addiction treatment: A systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clinical Psy-chology Review 31 (7): 1110–6.
44. Weinstein A, Livny A, Weizman A (2017) New developments in brain research of internet and gaming disorder. Neurosci-ence & Biobehavioral Reviews 75: 314–30.
45. Lee SY, Kim MS, Lee HK (2019) Preven-tion Strategies and Interventions for In-ternet Use Disorders Due to Addictive Be-haviors Based on an Integrative Concep-tual Model. Current Addiction Reports 6 (3): 303–12.
46. Bickham DS (2021) Current Research and Viewpoints on Internet Addiction in Ado-lescents. Current Pediatrics Reports 9 (1): 1–10.
47. Hassan M, Kyonka EGE (2021) A Behavior Analytic Perspective on Treatment of Problem Gaming and Problem Social Me-dia Use. Psychological Record 71 (2): 219–35.
48. Torres-Rodríguez A, Griffiths MD, Car-bonell X, Farriols-Hernando N, Torres-Jimenez E (2019) Internet Gaming Disor-der Treatment: A Case Study Evaluation of Four Different Types of Adolescent Prob-lematic Gamers. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 17(1): 1–12.
49. Park SY, Kim SM, Roh S, et al. (2016) The effects of a virtual reality treatment pro-gram for online gaming addiction. Com-puter Methods and Programs in Biomedi-cine 129: 99–108.
50. Torres-Rodríguez A, Griffiths MD, Car-bonell X (2018) The Treatment of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Brief Overview of the PIPATIC Program. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 16(4): 1000–15.
51. Han DH, Hwang JW, Renshaw PF (2010) Bupropion sustained release treatment decreases craving for video games and cue-induced brain activity in patients with internet video game addiction. Experi-mental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 18(4): 297–304.
52. Kim SM, Han DH, Lee YS, et al. (2012) Combined cognitive behavioral therapy and bupropion for the treatment of problematic online game play in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Computer Human Behavior 28 (5): 1954 – 1959.
53. Song J, Park JH, Han DH, et al. (2016) Comparative study of the effects of bu-propion and escitalopram on Internet gaming disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 70 (11): 527–35.
54. Nam B, Bae S, Kim SM, et al. (2017) Com-paring the effects of bupropion and es-citalopram on excessive internet game play in patients with major depressive disorder. Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 15 (4): 361–8.
55. Kuss DJ, Lopez-Fernandez O (2016) Inter-net addiction and problematic Internet use: A systematic review of clinical re-search. World Journal of Psychiatry 6 (1): 143.
56. Costa S, Kuss DJ (2019) Current diagnostic procedures and interventions for Gaming Disorders: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology 27: 10:578.