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Jan 17, 2025
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Abstract
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is identified as one of the global health problems that could increase the risk of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. In adolescents, an unhealthy diet is recognized as one of the main triggering factors for metabolic syndrome, making preventive efforts necessary through the enhancement of knowledge about healthy eating.
Objective: This study aimed to describe the level of adolescent knowledge about healthy eating as an early detection of metabolic syndrome at Saraswati 1 Denpasar High School (SLUA).
Methods: The research utilized a quantitative descriptive design with a multistage random sampling technique and involved 283 samples. Data were collected using questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability.
Results: The results indicated that the majority of respondents had a good level of knowledge about healthy eating. The crosstabulation analysis revealed that respondents with a good level of knowledge were mainly 16 years old, female (58.0%), had a normal BMI (59.2%), no family history of illness (52.4%), and had received counseling (57.1%). The majority of adolescents' knowledge levels were lowest in the healthy eating indicator, with 155 individuals (54.8%), and highest in the eating schedule indicator, with 248 individuals (87.6%). The good knowledge level among respondents related to healthy eating was influenced by several factors, including sufficient information exposure and educational programs provided through school health education.
Conclusion: Adolescents is advised to manage their diet according to the 3J principle (schedule, type, and amount of food) and to be more selective in their food consumption.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Triyuliani, N. K., Anita Pramesti, T., & Intan Saraswati, N. L. G. (2025). Overview of Adolescent Knowledge Level About Healthy Eating as Early Detection of Metabolic Syndrome at Saraswati 1 Denpasar High School (SLUA). Basic and Applied Nursing Research Journal, 6(1), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.11594/banrj.06.01.02
References
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24. Fauziyyah, A. N., Mustakim, M., & Sofiany, I. R. (2021). Pola Makan dan Kebiasaan Olahraga Remaja. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 2(2), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.15294/jppkmi.v2i2.51971
25. Kumara, K. D. M., & Putra, I. W. G. A. E. (2022). Pola Makan, Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Status Gizi Siswa Sma Negeri 1 Singaraja Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Archive of Community Health, 9(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.24843/ach.2022.v09.i01.p07
26. Ningrum, S. O. W. (2024). Relationship between Nutrition Knowledge And Eating Patterns With Nutritional Status Of Elementary School Children at LPQ Nurul Hikmah Candisari Semarang. Nutrition Research and Development Journal, 04, 103–111.
27. Syamsiah, I. N. S. R. C. (2023). Hubungan Riwayat Kegemukan Orangtua, Pola Makan, dan Aktifitas Fisik Terhadap Obesitas Pada Balita Di Posyandu Kemala Kelurahan Senen. Malahayati Helath Student Journal, 3, 622–637.
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29. Husnah, R., & Andayani, S. A. (2024). Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Remaja Putri Menggunakan Media Buku Saku. 1(3), 419–427.
30. Ajani, A. T. (2023). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan terhadap Perilaku Pencarian Informasi Kesehatan pada Remaja di Sekolah. Journal on Education, 6(1), 1027–1034. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i1.3036
31. Susanto. (2017). Pedoman diet diabetes melitus. Binarupa Aksara.
32. Darmi Arda. (2019). Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Mahasiswa Tentang Pola Makan Yang Sehat di Akper Sandi Karsa. 1–17.
33. Veronika, A. P., Puspitawati, T., & Fitriani, A. (2021). Associations between nutrition knowledge, protein-energy intake and nutritional status of adolescents. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2), 385–389. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2239
2. Zhu, Y., Zheng, H., Zou, Z., Jing, J., Ma, Y., Wang, H., Luo, J., Zhang, X., Luo, C., Wang, H., Zhao, H., Pan, D., Sangild, P., Karmacharya, B. M., Ma, J., & Chen, Y. (2020). Metabolic syndrome and related factors in chinese children and adolescents: Analysis from a chinese national study. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 27(6), 534–544. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.50591
3. Christijani, R. (2020). Penentuan Diagnosis Sindrom Metabolik Berdasarkan Penilaian Skor Sindrom Metabolik Dan Ncep Atp-Iii Pada Remaja [Penelitian Di Beberapa Sma Di Kota Bogor]. Penelitian Gizi Dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research), 42(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.22435/pgm.v42i1.2418
4. Nurvitriana, N. C., & Andarwulan, S. (2021). The Effect of the Emotional Demonstration Method of Mealing Schedule on the Knowledge of Mothers to Children in Posyandu V Mulyorejo Surabaya. Basic and Applied Nursing Research Journal, 2(1), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.11594/banrj.02.01.04
5. Wistiani, N. M. D., Puspawati, N. L. P. D., & Pamungkas, M. A. (2022). Self-Efficiency and Quality of Life Coronary Heart Disease Patients: A descriptive study. Basic and Applied Nursing Research Journal, 3(2), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.11594/banrj.03.02.04
6. Huh Ji Hye, Kang Dae Ryong, Young, K. J., & Kwang. (2021). Metabolic Syndrome Fact Sheet 2021: Executive Report. CardioMetabolic Syndrome Journal, 1(2), 125. https://doi.org/10.51789/cmsj.2021.1.e15
7. Bitew, Z. W., Alemu, A., Ayele, E. G., Tenaw, Z., Alebel, A., & Worku, T. (2020). Metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-020-00601-8
8. Suhaema, H. M. (2020). Pola Konsumsi dengan Terjadinya Sindrom Metabolik di Indonesia. Gizi Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Mataram.
9. WHO. (2023). World Health Statistics 2023 Monitoring health for the SDGs Sustainable Development Goals.
10. IDF. (2021). International Diabetes Federation. In Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (Vol. 102, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.10.013
11. Riskesdes. (2018). Riset Kesehatan Dasar. In Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
12. Mostafa, S., Shalaby, Mostafa, A., El-Shiekh, R. A., El-Banna, H. A., Emam, S. R., & Bakr, A. F. (2023). Metabolic syndrome: risk factors, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management with natural approaches. Food Chemistry Advances, 3(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2023.100335
13. Kim, S. W., Kim, H. J., Min, K., Lee, H., Lee, S. H., Kim, S., Kim, J. S., & Oh, B. (2021). The relationship between smoking cigarettes and metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study with non-single residents of Seoul under 40 years old. PLoS ONE, 16(8 August), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256257
14. Dobrowolski, P., Prejbisz, A., Kurylowicz, A., Baska, A., Burchardt, P., Chlebus, K., Dzida, G., Jankowski, P., Jaroszewicz, J., Jaworski, P., Kaminski, K., Kaplon-Cieslicka, A., Klocek, M., Kukla, M., Mamcarz, A., Mastalerz-Migas, A., Narkiewicz, K., Ostrowska, L., Sliz1, D., … Bogdanski, P. (2022). Metabolic syndrome a new definition and management guidelines. Archives of Medical Science, 18(5), 1133–1156. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/152921
15. Efendi, V. P. W. A. (2021). Literature Review Hubungan Penggunaan Gawai Terhadap Aktivitas Fisik Remaja. Jurnal Kesehatan Olahraga, 9, 17–26.
16. Yahya, A. A. (2020). Hubungan Penggunaan Aplikasi Pesan-Antar Makanan Online, Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, Dan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Obesitas Remaja di Kota Surabaya.
17. Mutia, A., Jumiyati, J., & Kusdalinah, K. (2022). Pola Makan Dan Aktivitas Fisik Terhadap Kejadian Obesitas Remaja Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Journal of Nutrition College, 11(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v11i1.32070
18. Hyunju, K., Lee, K., Rebholz, C. M., & Kim, J. (2021). Association between unhealthy plant-based diets and the metabolic syndrome in adult men and women: A population-based study in South Korea. British Journal of Nutrition, 125(5), 577–590. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520002895
19. Nida Lutfiawati. (2021). Relationship Levels Of Diet Knowledge With Diabetes Militis Risk Factors In Adolescents. Nusantara Hasana Journal, 1(6), Page.
20. Purnamaningsih, Anggita, N., Sukraniti, D. P., & Kencana, I. K. (2023). Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Serat Dan Konsumsi Serat Terhadap Status Obesitas Pada Remaja Di SMA (SLUA) Saraswati 1 Denpasar. Journal of Nutrition Science, 12(4), 257–262.
21. Pradiningtyas, F. (2020). Hubungan Pengetahuan Pola Makan Sehat Dengan Kebiasaan Makan Remaja Kelas 12 SMA Negeri 1 Tarik di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Gizi Universitas Negeri Surabaya, 3(1), 267–272.
22. Musniati, N., & Mulyawati, D. A. (2022). Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Gizi Seimbang pada Siswa SMA Muhammadiyah 13 Jakarta. Muhammadiyah Journal of Nutrition and Food Science (MJNF), 3(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.24853/mjnf.3.1.11-16
23. Notoatmodjo. (2017). Buku Pengetahuan dan Tingkatan Pengetahuan Penelitian Ilmiah. Rineka Cipta.
24. Fauziyyah, A. N., Mustakim, M., & Sofiany, I. R. (2021). Pola Makan dan Kebiasaan Olahraga Remaja. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 2(2), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.15294/jppkmi.v2i2.51971
25. Kumara, K. D. M., & Putra, I. W. G. A. E. (2022). Pola Makan, Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Status Gizi Siswa Sma Negeri 1 Singaraja Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Archive of Community Health, 9(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.24843/ach.2022.v09.i01.p07
26. Ningrum, S. O. W. (2024). Relationship between Nutrition Knowledge And Eating Patterns With Nutritional Status Of Elementary School Children at LPQ Nurul Hikmah Candisari Semarang. Nutrition Research and Development Journal, 04, 103–111.
27. Syamsiah, I. N. S. R. C. (2023). Hubungan Riwayat Kegemukan Orangtua, Pola Makan, dan Aktifitas Fisik Terhadap Obesitas Pada Balita Di Posyandu Kemala Kelurahan Senen. Malahayati Helath Student Journal, 3, 622–637.
28. Siti Irma Nur Aina, Malisa Ariani, F. Y. (2023). Riwayat Keluarga, Pola Makan dan Penggunaan Gadget Penyebab Kejadian Obesitas Pada Remaja Di SMP Negeri X Banjarmasin. Malayati Nursing Journal, 5(April), 1–23.
29. Husnah, R., & Andayani, S. A. (2024). Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Remaja Putri Menggunakan Media Buku Saku. 1(3), 419–427.
30. Ajani, A. T. (2023). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan terhadap Perilaku Pencarian Informasi Kesehatan pada Remaja di Sekolah. Journal on Education, 6(1), 1027–1034. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i1.3036
31. Susanto. (2017). Pedoman diet diabetes melitus. Binarupa Aksara.
32. Darmi Arda. (2019). Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Mahasiswa Tentang Pola Makan Yang Sehat di Akper Sandi Karsa. 1–17.
33. Veronika, A. P., Puspitawati, T., & Fitriani, A. (2021). Associations between nutrition knowledge, protein-energy intake and nutritional status of adolescents. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2), 385–389. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2239